In addition to the multiple mating styles, the males show that they are able to select alternate reproductive styles (ARS), which are combinations of the mating styles that are mentioned above. Also, males can adapt other mating styles, like brooding participating or non participating in egg brooding and pairing or not pair bonding with the selected female. During spawning, males can adapt the mating style of territoriality or non territoriality. ![]() There is flexibility for male mango tilapia in their mating styles. Male mating style flexibility and parental care In addition, this study showed that mango tilapia that mate within a similar size group have greater reproductive success. Pair bonding was formed quicker between larger fish, and there was a long delay in pairing for the most abundant sex in the OSR. In this study, the fish were exposed to different OSR's (more males, more females, or an equal ratio). Male mate choice Īn experiment studying mate choice in the mango tilapia shows results of the correlation between operational sex ratio, characteristics of the body and pairing. However, pair bonding ends after mouth brooding begins. Mouth brooding is a tactic which, either male or female or both male and female, protects and carries the eggs in their mouth for a time period of about two weeks. Afterwards, the male will glide over the depression and fertilize the eggs. The male and female will create a depression in the substrate, in which the female will lay her eggs. Mating is usually monogamous for the mango tilapia. The typical temperature range is 22–28 ☌ (72–82 ☏), but it has been recorded from waters as cold as 9 ☌ (48 ☏). It is one of the very few cichlids that is found in Africa north of the Sahara and in Asia. Outside Africa it is found in Syria, Jordan and Israel. This widespread species is found in lakes, rivers and other fresh or brackish habitats in northern and central Africa (including Saharan oases), ranging as far south as the Guinea region, the Congo River Basin, Lake Albert and Lake Turkana.
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